Synopsis: Trim carpenters put the finishing touches on a home’s interior, making sure that everything looks perfect. The best finish carpentry doesn’t happen accidentally. Veteran carpenter Tucker Windover presents his new crew members with a guidebook to mastering trim carpentry, and FHB presents these eight basic rules from Windover’s playbook. Windover’s rules include keeping the job site clean, being neat about nailing, thinking and seeing straight and parallel, improving surfaces before the finish goes on, making miters flush, knowing when to make precise cuts, using a reveal on standing trim, and knowing when it’s necessary to use a measuring tape.

I’m a busy contractor with a half-dozen trim carpenters working on two or three jobs on any given day. Needless to say, I’ve had a number of employees on my crew of carpenters over the years. To maintain quality and consistency, I’ve written up a list of work habits and procedures that I’ve organized in a three-ring binder. On their first day, every new carpenter receives a copy. It’s as much a list of results as a list of techniques. Each point sounds minor by itself, but added together, this list creates a foundation for efficient finish carpentry. Even veteran carpenters can let these simple guidelines slip away from them over time, and that can result in careless work. Finish carpentry is more than just tight miter joints. It’s a method of work defined by standards that can be easily replicated.

Keep the site clean

I knew a guy everyone called Yard Sale because he left tools all over the job site. He could never put his hands on the tools he needed. To set up an efficient site, keep tools organized, plan tasks for simple repetition, and lay out job-site materials so that they are easy to access and find.

Be neat about nailing

One good work habit to develop is establishing a pattern to your nailing. On standing and running trim, place nails regularly in pairs every 16 in., or until the material is tight. This keeps the work neat and orderly. Avoid nails inside moulding profiles; it’s hard for a painter to fill and sand these holes. Use 2-in. nails for baseboard because 2 1⁄2-in. nails will eventually hit a wire in a 2×4 wall. Use 18-ga. nails for wood-to-wood connections and 15-ga. nails for applying moulding over drywall and for setting doors.

Think and see straight and parallel

Installing most trim is the discipline of connecting two points with a straight line. At this stage in the building process, the work sometimes becomes more a game of appearances than of perfection. The trick is to make bows, bends, and out-of-plumb conditions appear straight and true.

Improve the surfaces before the finish goes on

It may not be noticeable now, but after semi-gloss paint hits the trim, any sawblade marks, tear out, or imperfections will stand out like a sore thumb. Carry a piece of 150-grit sandpaper in your tool belt. On wood that gets a clear finish, erase or lightly sand out pencil marks. Sand field joints so that they become flush. When you walk away from the work, the stock should be ready for paint or stain.

Make miters flush

After door and window casings are painted, mating surfaces that aren’t flush will stand out. A miter should be tight and flush, but a thin gap in the miter can be filled with caulk and will disappear. Uneven surfaces will stand out and should be leveled. A shim placed under one side of the miter can help to line up the joint. Tack it in place, and trim the excess. A little sanding can blend discrepancies between the two sides.