I have been asked to build a wheelchair ramp for an elderly lady and I’m wondering what’s the best slope (2/12, etc.) to build it at? Is there an ADA website where I can find codes and recommendations?
Jason Pharez Construction
Framing & Exterior Remodeling
Replies
Dave
If you're after true compliance with accessibility code you'll have to check with the local building department to see what your state code has adopted. ADA is a civil law and not part of building codes. Curiously, you could comply with building codes and still be sued under the ADA.
Most state building codes that I've seen have adopted the ANSI standards. Here are some requirements from ANSI A1117.1-1998: (1) Min ramp width is 36" clear. (2) A ramp in excess of 1:20 slope has to have handrails on both sides. (3) Ramp slope must not exceed 1:12. (4) The maximum rise for a ramp is 30" (without a landing) (5)In-line landings can be 36" x 60"; 'L' or 'U' landings must be 60" x 60" min. (6) Ramps must have curbs, or be extended sideways 12" beyond the railing (7) There are different potential layouts, that might be meaningful to your job (I can get you those descriptions if different layout options are being considered) 8) handrail height must be 36" AFF and extend 12" beyond top an bottom of ramp (9) you will need to be careful to provide for the proper clearances at the door ( I can get you those too) (10) the threshold can not exceed 1/4" in height (11) the ramp will have to have a non-slip surface. Good Luck.
Andrew
Architect/ Builder
Edited 5/19/2005 9:50 pm ET by Andrew
Andrew.
Excellent post!
Concise and to the point.
Thank You
1:12 is correct, but that is the minimum (maximum?). 1:15 is better but it makes for a longer ramp.
I'm sorry, I thought you wanted it done the right way.
1:12 is min., and a compliant handrail is required.
if you have the run, go 1:20...you don't need a handrail in some states. double check first, though.
Hey thanks so much guys for the prompt replies, as I have to have this bid in tomorrow. I (erroneously) thought 2 in 12 would be the max. Good thing I asked. BTW I won't be pulling a permit but I do want this elderly mother to be safe and comfortable, regardless of code. Thanks again!Jason Pharez Construction
Framing & Exterior Remodeling
Here's another site with specs. Pretty much a repeat of what you've already read. It doesn't say within, but, yes, 1:20 is recommended by experts even though 1:12 is acceptable.
Of course it depends on the particular disability. The specs are intended for handicapped people to negotiate ramps themselves. Someone older and not as strong as a middle aged handicapped person my need a ramp on the shallower side. Someone who is always pushed by an able-bodied person might be fine with a steeper slope.
Don't forget traction and, if part of your work, lighting. Some lumber can be somewhat slippery in bad weather. If the ramp is slippery, I've heard one good solution is to use roll roofing as a "runner".