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Air based heating and air conditioning systems can suffer from unbalanced distribution especially when the ducts are designed with a central return. Central return designs require an open pathway between the room and the heart of the house where the return grill is located.  When interior doors are opened, central return systems work fine; but start closing doors and airflow goes haywire.  The rooms behind closed doors become pressurized  – this limits the amount of conditioned air the supply can deliver and the pressure often drives air through the walls.  The central return keeps on sucking and when it can’t  get enough return air from closed rooms, it draws outside air in.  The air leaking in and out of the house raise energy bills and cause discomfort.  So if you have an HVAC system with a central return, keep the interior doors open – or create pathways for air to move freely inside the house.

The simplest pathway is a door undercut but often it needs to be pretty high (1 1/2 in.or greater) in order to allow enough air to pass.

Other alternative pathways are jump ducts and transfer grills

I figured the ¼ in. undercuts on the doors to the three bedrooms in one of my rental houses were inadequate. To be sure, I did some testing. I turned the air handler on, closed the bedroom doors and checked the pressure difference between the hall (where the central return is located) and each bedroom. The rooms were pressurized from 20 pascals (Pa) to 28 Pa. Anything more than a 2 or 3 Pa pressure difference can cause comfort problems and energy loss so these rooms needed help. I also tested the airflow from each supply grill with the bedroom doors open and closed. The flow dropped from an unrestricted 150 – 160 CFM down to under 100 CFM in each room.

Since I owned the house and have been wanting to compare Tamarack Technology’s new Perfect Balance door RAP (return air pathway) side-by-side with a door undercut, I chose two equally sized rooms each with two windows and a single supply grill. The Perfect Balance is a plastic grill that inserts into a cutout in the bottom of a standard 1 3/8 in. thick interior door. It has internal baffles to reduce sound and light transmission while still permitting air to flow freely.

The 2′ – 4″ hollow core door I cut the Perfect Balance into is a worst-case senario. The height of the cut exceeds the bottom block leaving the veneer panels unsupported. I used a jig saw with a plastic protective base to make the cut in the painted door; then I carved the veneers off the bottom block of the fallout piece to use as a filler between the unsupported panels. Alternatively, I could have custom-cut a new filler block. After the glue set, I primed all the cut wood edges on the panel veneers and filler block, inserted the Perfect Balance, and attached it with screws through the ears into the bottom of the door.

A retest of the room with the Pressure Balance outfitted door showed a pressure difference of 2.5 Pa and a 6 CFM drop in airflow from the supply.

I made successive ¼ in. cuts on the door to the other bedroom and tested after each one until the pressure and airflow tests reached the same performance. The undercut ended up at 1 5/8 in. high.

One way or another, the air between rooms and central return must be free-flowing. That means first testing to identify airflow problems and then taking steps to resolve the problems. You can debate the aesthetics of a door undercut and the Perfect Balance (as well as jump duct or transfer grills), but it’s really all about performance. I think the device looks fine at the bottom of a door; certainly no worse than a 1 ½ in. or greater gap.

Tamarack’s Perfect Balance sells for $29 each or 3 for $79 direct from the company’s website. www.tamtech.com

Supply airflow test

Perfect Balance baffle

Cutting out door for Perfect Balance

Insert filler block in hollow core door.

Lack of door undercut or other return air pathway causes pressurized room.

Perfect Balance pressure test shows mimimal pressure difference with door closed.